Quastions ch 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Quastions ch 1 - Essay Example Organizations participate in universal business as a proportion of getting to new markets for its one of a kind items, accessâ economies of scale, spread R&D expenses, and access to higher benefits attributable to certain advantages of working in the worldwide market including low creation cost, low rivalry, and financial and trade motivations. The development of worldwide business has quickened because of financial progression in duty structure and guideline attributable to the activities of WTO permitting firms to set base universally and still make benefits without being influenced duties and guidelines. The other explanation increasing speed of universal business is achievements in innovation regarding assembling, correspondence, and data, transportation advances making the world a worldwide town. The outcome has been capacity for large scale manufacturing, decrease in transport costs, and a decrease in criticalness of separation as a factor in deciding the nation of tasks. Worldwide monetary joining, WTO and GATT, and development to free market frameworks are different reasons that have encouraged the speeding up of universal business development (Herrmann, May 2012). The eventual fate of globalization is that of the proceeded with increment particularly in instruction division through worldwide effort of colleges, and understudy streams, movement of individuals and frameworks for worldwide food creation. With expanded interconnectedness, globalization will proceed at a quick rate prompting the trading of thoughts, merchandise, occupations, and cash. Enlarged globalization later on will bring about simpler access of data, expanded instability, and financial vulnerability. The reactions of globalization incorporate that it has prompted the annihilation of nature, inconsistent advancement of nations with the created nations having a superior bit of leeway over creating

Historical view of Prisons essays

Chronicled perspective on Prisons articles A significant and unmistakable improvement happened between the late eighteen and the mid twentieth century. This advancement was the utilization of jail as a mean of discipline. It was as of now which saw the development of the possibility of the jail as a foundation of first alternative inside which the criminal would be changed. Additionally during the late nineteenth and mid twentieth hundreds of years, saw the improvement of a scope of elective foundations and condemning practices, with jail more if all else fails. Be that as it may, the reason for detainment was to turn into a significant continuous discussion between those upholding its correctional perspectives and those its reformatory potential. In this introduction I am going to see how persuading the view that detainment facilities created to teach the regular workers rather than rebuff guilty parties. William Eden in 1771 distributed the compelling Principles of Penal Law. In this distribution he questioned the estimation of jail sentences; it was his conviction that control frequently aggravated guilty parties. With this rule, Eden, started assisting with drafting new prison enactment which had the plan of placing wrongdoers into directed, systematic jails. The Penitentiary Act was passed in Parliament in 1779. This demonstration was drafted by Eden and furthermore Blackstone and Howard and accommodated the development of two prisons in the Metropolis, one for 600 men, the other for 300 ladies. Guilty parties held at these premises could be detained for as long as two years and would hold wrongdoers in any case at risk for transportation. They were to be formally dressed, kept to hard work in relationship with one another during the day. Around evening time they were to be closed in isolation. Area 5 of the demonstration focused on the improving expectations of the prisons: Inmates were to be acclimated with propensities for industry. The lawmakers were resolved to make restriction satisfactorily hard, thorough and undesirable. The ... <!

Are You Ready For Summer School

Are You Ready For Summer School Shannon, an experienced summer school teacher, shares her best tips for preparing for this teaching position. She also breaks down different types of summer schools, making it easier for you to know what to expect. Are you Ready for Summer School? The two words “summer school” can conjure up all kinds of images and emotions for both students and teachers. When I was a kid, I only heard of summer school as a threat of punishment, mostly on TV shows. “If you don’t get better grades, then you’ll have to go to summer school.” Today summer school comes in many different forms and addresses various student needs. If you are considering taking on some extra teaching duties this summer, do your homework before you commit. Find out what kind of program you will be implementing and the desired outcomes. Talk to colleagues who have taught summer school to see if it sounds like something you’d enjoy. Types of Summer School Programs Summer school programs generally feel much less structured than the regular school year. Summer sessions are shorter, lasting fewer days and usually fewer hours per day. Expect a much smaller student-to-teacher ratio. You won’t have as much time to get to know your students, but you will likely get more one-on-one time with each of them. Depending on the program, each student may be working on different assignments, also. Completion versus “Retake” Programs Many secondary summer programs are now designed for students to complete assignments for a class that they failed rather than retake the entire course. Often, the goal of their summer program is to finish the assignments that they didn’t turn in, or on which they received a failing grade. Regardless of the type of program, your daily encouragement and support are essential for your students. Remember that these students often have had negative experiences in school, may have low self-esteem, or may be dealing with health issues. Your positive attitude and consistent encouragement can go a long way with them. Show your students that you believe in them and celebrate as they accomplish each goal. Remedial Programs Some students may enroll in a summer program to practice or improve their skills in certain areas. I enrolled one of my children in such a program the summer after seventh grade. He needed a confidence boost in both language arts and math. At first, I was worried that he would see the summer program as punishment, but he actually enjoyed it. He was one of just a few students and received ample attention from the teacher. As a struggling student, he had often remained quiet in class, afraid to ask questions. With one-on-one attention, he could ask anything he wanted without fearing the reactions of classmates. After the first week, he told me how he liked the program and that it gave him “something to do” over the long summer break. Enrichment Programs Many summer school programs are geared toward students with specific interests or talents such as music, science, or technology. If you are teaching in one of these programs, avoid the mistake of being overconfident that your students all want to be there. Some may have a great desire to attend, but others may only be there as a result of a parental decision. You are still on the hook to keep the program engaging for your students. Learn Expectations A few years ago, I was hired to teach the second half of a summer school session. I missed the staff orientation because I was traveling with my family at the time. The principal kindly excused me and told me not to worry about it; they would get me up to speed when I arrived. Huge mistake! I was briefed on the basics the morning of my first day, but I had missed many important details regarding daily routines and procedures. I made at least one mistake per hour on that first day. A voice from the office kept interrupting me over the loudspeaker to tell me what I needed to do next time. Those errors caused me to lose credibility with many of my students. Learn the Curriculum Expectations The program you are teaching may be highly structured, or you may have tons of flexibility. The summer program that I taught was a beginning Spanish class for secondary students who had had little or no previous exposure to Spanish. I was handed a blank slate to teach anything I wanted. It was the perfect opportunity to bring in some music, art projects, and games to expose the students to basic Spanish vocabulary and introduce some culture. I also rewarded them with a sampling of foods and beverages. Learn About Your Students If you have access to academic records, take some time to learn a bit about your students. You can also start the first day with a survey to learn about your students’ interests and goals. Remember that you won’t have as many days to build relationships with your students. Expect the Unexpected Don’t expect summer school to feel like the regular school year. Your students have engaged in a full academic year of learning, and they are ready for a change. Your challenge is to keep them engaged. It needs to be different from a regular school day. For students of all ages, think about how you can use hands-on activities and games to teach the curriculum. If possible, take your students outside for physical activity or a break. Be sure to communicate your ideas with your supervisor since she/he may have specific expectations. Take Care of Yourself Hopefully, your entire summer isn't consumed with teaching and taking continuing education credits. Make sure that you are getting enough time to refresh and replenish yourself over the summer break.Have you taught summer school? Share with us on Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, and Pinterest. Shannon Krzyzewski is a veteran educator with over twenty-five years of experience teaching Spanish, English/Language Arts, and Social Studies at both the middle and high school levels in the Seattle area. She is now a freelance writer, editor, and educational consultant residing in Montana’s Flathead Valley.

Abortion Is The Ending Of Hyperlink - 1534 Words

What is abortion? Abortion is the ending of HYPERLINK https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pregnancy o Pregnancy pregnancy by removing a HYPERLINK https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fetus o Fetus fetus or HYPERLINK https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embryo o Embryo embryo before it can HYPERLINK https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fetal_viability o Fetal viability survive outside the uterus. An abortion which occurs spontaneously is also known as a HYPERLINK https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miscarriage o Miscarriage miscarriage. An abortion may be caused purposely and is then called an HYPERLINK https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abortion l Induced induced abortion, or less frequently, induced miscarriage. The word abortion is often used to mean only induced abortions. A similar procedure after the fetus could potentially survive outside the womb is known as a HYPERLINK https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Late_termination_of_pregnancy o Late termination of pregnancy late termination of pregnancy. This is just a s imple definition of what abortion is. Many individuals in today’s society view abortion in many different ways. One way is that it is seen as a negative thing to do. They feel that when you have the abortion procedure done, you are murdering the child. Which is against every moral that human beings live by today. On the other hand, some people feel that having the option to have an abortion is great. Reason being, individuals feel that there are specialShow MoreRelatedMoral Studies Assignment2172 Words   |  9 Pagesfight the negative and unhealthy elements in the use of internet? Study the problem from moral, social, politics and business perspective. Internet is a great and irreplaceable platform for countless activities starting from simple communication and ending with things like banking and shopping. Internet allows millions of people stay in touch no matter how far they are, it grants countless possibilities to its users. You can buy, surf and travel without leaving your house and all of that is Internet’sRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesforces and processes that were arguably essential components 2 †¢ INTRODUCTION of two epochs we routinely set apart as centuries suggests the need for flexibility in demarcating phases of world history, and for determining beginnings and endings that accord with major shifts in political and socioeconomic circumstances and dynamics rather than standard but arbitrary chronological break points. In the decades that followed the Great War, the victorious European powers appeared to have restored

Harry Benjamin About Transgender Individuals - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1730 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/06/24 Category Society Essay Level High school Topics: Transgender Essay Did you like this example? Early Life and Education Harry Benjamin was born in Berlin, Germany on January 12, 1885 to a German mother and Jewish father. He was the oldest of three siblings. His father converted to Lutheranism shortly before Dr. Benjamins birth. Dr. Benjamin enjoyed opera from a young age, and was enamored with singer Geraldine Farrar, who sang at the Royal Opera. In his frequenting of opera houses, he became acquainted with a house physician, and began to learn his trade from him. He served in the Prussian Guards prior to his medical studies. Dr. Benjamin met Magnus Hirschfeld in his early twenties, and subsequently read Die sexuelle Frage. Eine naturwissenschaftliche, psychologische, hygeinische und soziologische Stude fur Gebildete (The sexual question. A scientific, psychological, hygienic and sociological study for educated people) by Auguste Forel, which piqued his interest in human sexuality. He and Dr. Hirschfeld frequented gay bars to observe their drag shows, as their shared interest was in human sexuality, and what Dr. Hirschfeld called transvestitesa very outdated term that he coined during his study in 1910, used to describe individuals who dress as the opposite sex, usually males dressing as female, for sexual or other kinds of satisfaction. This was the first major study on transgender individuals, and Dr. Hirschfeld founded the Institute of Sex (translated from German), which was later destroyed by Hitler at the start of the Holocaust. These outings were Dr. Benjamins introduction to the field of sexology. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Harry Benjamin About Transgender Individuals" essay for you Create order Education and Early Career Dr. Benjamin studied medicine at T? ±bingen in Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany. He finished his academic program in 1912, and wrote his final dissertation on tuberculosis. During his post-graduate years, he worked with several different doctors in various field. One of these doctors had finally cured tuberculosis of the joints, which was a huge development in 1913. A wealthy banker paid a large amount of money for Dr. Benjamin to travel to New York to cure his son. The press had reported that the cure worked better than it did, and when Dr. Benjamin was unable to cure his son, the banker refused to pay for his trip back to Germany. Dr. Benjamin attempted to return home in 1914, but was on a ship that was heading for an area that France had hostile control over, and the ships captain opted to turn back, and Dr. Benjamin was left with his last dollar. Upon realizing that he was stuck in New York indefinitely, Dr. Benjamin found a job at a New York hospital. In 1925, Dr. Benjamin married his wife Gretchen, and soon after his mother came to live with him after his father died. Dr. Benjamin also met Sigmund Freud in 1925, who was not fond of him because of a joke that he made: disharmony of the emotions may be the dishormony of the endocrines. Of course Freuds assumption was that Dr. Benjamin was a latent homosexual. Sexology and Transsexual (Transgender) Research In 1930, Dr. Benjamin and his wife brought Dr. Hirschfeld to the United States, and they worked together on private lectures. In 1945, he was introduced to Alfred Kinsey, the creator of the well-known Kinsey Scale, a gradient scale to describe ones sexuality (table 1). Three years later, he encountered his first patient that he recognized to be different than a transvestite, as the patient genuinely felt that she was a woman (she was born male), and he prescribed her estrogen. In the next twenty or so years he would see numerous patients with similar ailments, counsel them, and aid in their transition. He called these patients transsexuals. Dr. Benjamin studied not only the physical effects of the transitional process, but also the emotional, mental, and behavioral issues. In 1966, he released The Transsexual Phenomenon, which documented his studies on hundreds of patients, about half of which were diagnosed transsexual (as opposed to transvestite). He came up with the Benjamin Scale, which scored patients between transvestite and transsexual, judging them on items such as gender feeling, dressing habits, the infamous Kinsey Scale, conversion operation, hormone medication, and psychotherapy (table 2). In his studies, he found that with physical changes, such as those brought on by hormone injections, his patients started to feel more emotional and mental congruency with their bodies. This gave them comfort, and they were finally able to excel as human beings and citizens. In 1966, Dr. Benjamin gave a lecture in Los Angeles about his first contact with transsexuals. He treated a trans woman (he called them transsexual males), who later was in an accident. In the medical documentation, he was disappointed to find that the medical examiner documented this patient as a male degenerate; she was wearing male clothing over female clothing. Because of this bias, the patient was allowed to decline physically and pass away, where they would otherwise be fine, given proper treatment. He went on to talk about the taboo around sex change, stating sarcastically, surgical manipulation of the genitals are off limits, but we can do anything else, like lobotomies. This remark was followed by laughter by his listeners. In this same lecture, Dr. Benjamin stated that through his research, he found that something happened during fetal life to cause transsexualism, and something may have happened in their early childhood that further conditioned, but in the end it was a matter of a predispositionthat is, they did not have a choice. He later went on to talk about plans to do minor animal testing at Stanford University. Dr. Benjamin called the psychological condition of being transgender gender dysphoriaa term that is still used today, but will be phased out and replaced with gender incongruence in the 2025 revision of the Diagnostic Statistical Manual. Legacy Dr. Benjamin retired at age ninety. He had seen hundreds of transgender patients, and changed their lives. He pioneered treatment of transgender individuals, and began the destigmatization of these patients. While Dr. Benjamin was primarily an endocrinologist, he was also a sexologist and spent significant amounts of time researching the behaviors and motivations of what we know today as transgender individuals. In 1978, Dr. Benjamin founded the Harry Benjamin International Gender Dysphoria Association (HBIBDA), which is still the worlds leading resource on transgender treatment, and known today as World Professional Association for Transgender Health (WPATH). HBIBDA released the first rendition of the Standards of Care for transgender individuals, and WPATH releases periodic revisions, based on research and societal language changes. Examples of this are transsexual now being transgender, the addition of nonbinary individuals (those who do not fit into any gender stereotype, thus are between or outside of the gender spectrum), and changing gender dysphoria to gender incongruence. The latter change is due to the implication that every trans person must suffer from gender dysphoria, which is known to be a horrendous affliction, causing profound depression and often suicidatlity. This has been found to not be a consistent truthI myself have never suffered from gender dysphoria; incongruence re sonates much more soundly with me: I only felt content after transitioning. Dr. Benjamin died at 101 years old, in 1986. He left behind a legacy that has affected and improved the lives of thousand upon thousands of transgender individuals. WPATH continues to be the leader in transgender healthcare, and has provided many with resources for therapy, hormone therapy, and surgical intervention. His work as undoubtedly saved an overwhelming amount of livesthe rate of suicide attempts of transgender individuals is 41% prior to transitioning. Without his work, we wouldnt have the amount of knowledge or destigmatization that we have today. Effects on my Personal Life and Psyche Dr. Benjamins research has had very real effects on my personal life and psyche. I lived the first twenty eight years of my life feeling a profound incongruence with my assigned gender (the gender one is assigned at birth, including intersex individuals who present with characteristics of both genders). This led to a plethora of psychological, familial, social, and occupational obstacles because I was conflicted about how to relate to the people around me. I was a tom boy from a very early age, and dressed masculine for my entire lifeexcept when forced to do otherwise by my unknowing parents. I finally came out and began my transition with testosterone therapy at age 28, in 2014. Physical and emotional changes came on quickly, and I had two surgeries within eight months of beginning hormone therapywith my court-ordered name and gender change in the mix. I finally began to feel at peace with my perception of myself and havent looked back since. Im calmer and happier than Id been durin g any other era of my life, and I have had some seriously dark times. I was not a complete person prior to transtioning. None of this would have been possible without Dr. Benjamins research and advocacy. He opened doors for an extremely disenfranchised group of people to realize who they are and get closer to being able to achieve self-actualization. I mentioned earlier that the documented attempted suicide rate among transgender individuals is 41%. This number is pre-transition individuals; after being able to transition, this number drops close to the same level as cisgender (non-trangender) individuals. Dr. Benjamin also founded the organization now known as WPATH. This organization has historically created the guidelines for the safest and most thorough care plans for transgender individuals. The classic path to transition begins with extensive psychotherapy and living as your intended gender for a period of time prior to beginning medical intervention. Recently, some impatient individuals have pushed practitioners to implement informed consent, which is a watered down set of requirements to transi tion: see a therapist once or twice, address any hypertension or hyperlipidemia that could be dangerous, sign a paper stating youve been informed of the risks. This undereducation has led to patients panicking because they dont understand whats happening to their body, and a rise in regret to the point of detransitioning (stopping transition and taking steps to transition back). While the language he used is now very outdated, Dr. Benjamin developed a process in order to keep his patients safe and healthy while they undergo a very taxing, however lifechanging process. He helped fight the stigma during a time where being transgender was not understoodeven using humor during lectures to get his point across. Transgender therapy and medicine was not understood by any means. Dr. Benjamin left behind a legacy that has changed many lives, and opened the doors for a greater societal acceptance and normalization of transgender individuals.

Health Care Interview Free Essays

There are many components to a hospital or medical facility. All of them are necessary to have a properly functioning environment. The emergency department of a hospital is a fast paced world. We will write a custom essay sample on Health Care Interview or any similar topic only for you Order Now You have to be constantly on your toes and prepared for whatever may come through the doors. There are many people that work in an emergency room to make it run smoothly. Techs, nurses, CNA’s, LVN’s, and doctors all work side by side to help those who are critically injured. Without all these people it would be complete chaos. Triage is usually the first step of the emergency room and helps determine severity of each patient. Once through triage, the patient is either sent to a different area of emergency or another part of the hospital. The emergency department is usually broken down into different parts as well. Typically, there is a trauma area, an area for those less urgent, resuscitation areas, and even a psychiatric area. Trauma is reserved for those with life threatening injuries or illness and is always stocked with the equipment needed for these cases. Resuscitation areas are for those who come in unconscious or DOA (dead on arrival). These rooms are equipped with all the equipment necessary to try and save someone’s life. There are many things done in an emergency department. Vitals are the usually the first thing when a patient comes into the emergency room. An injury or illness may not be immediately visible; vitals are an easy way to see if anything is out of the ordinary right off the bat. When injury is more apparent, like a broken bone, x-rays can be done right in the emergency room. EKG’s are often performed on those complaining of chest pain. The emergency room also does the simple stuff like suturing wounds or doing ultrasounds. As you can see there is not much the emergency room cannot do. It is the center of the hospital. My interviewee specifically works in the emergency department of Valley Children’s Hospital. Although the primary patients are children eighteen years of age and younger, they will accept all patients until stabilized and able to be transported to the correct hospital. A children’s hospital is a type of specialty hospital. There are many other types of specialty hospitals, but this type specifically caters to children. The emergency at this hospital sees many different types of injuries and illness. Although, this hospital is well known for seeing the sickest children from Bakersfield to Sacramento, they care for kids with rare cancers and other life threatening illnesses. I chose to interview Jeff Gonzales who is a technician in the emergency room. Upon starting the interview, I quickly got the feeling that the technicians do a lot more than I would have thought. The technicians are usually the first person the patient deals with. They start the initial work up and take the vitals. After the nurses and doctors have decided on a proper course of treatment, the technicians often help with the procedures or getting the patient to the correct area of the hospital. The technicians may also draw blood for cultures or even splint a patient. â€Å"We are kind of all over the place, go where I am needed and help where I can,† explains Jeff. Like any good profession these days, there is some education that is required to attain a position like this. Jeff went to school for phlebotomy and was originally planning on being a fire fighter. After gaining the emergency training from the fire academy, Jeff was unfortunately injured and could no longer go after that career. However, his emergency training comes in handy for the emergency room, he states, â€Å"you have to be prepared for anything, having the EMT training helps me when things get hectic. † As for additional training, the only thing that needs to be kept to date is his phlebotomy license. All other training is provided by the hospital and is typically done on an annual basis. Working in an environment with so many different people could cause problems. You have to learn to trust your coworkers and work together to the best of your ability. Letting management know about any problems right away helps a lot because the issues can get addressed immediately. â€Å"Like any job, there may be that one person you do not get along with, but as long as you do your best to just do your job and avoid drama, you will be okay,† he says. Taking care of the patients is always the number one priority in hospitals. Jeff informed me that the best way to make it through the day is to be compassionate and have patience. Dealing with children can be hard, especially to those who have children of their own. When we lose a patient, it is hard not to take it personally,† he says. That is where the compassion comes in. Losing anyone is not a happy time, but dealing with children, it is difficult to not get attached. Being patient is important because you are dealing with kids. â€Å"Sometimes the children do not understand what we are asking o r why we are poking them, so being patient is very important,† says Jeff. Although there are many changes starting to roll out in health care, Jeff informed me that he has not personally experienced any of them so far. He explained that most of the changes occurring in his place of employment were in upper positions. He did mention that he thinks that technology has come a long way in the medical field and is heading the right direction. Electronic medical records have made every aspect of patient care easier and improved communication between doctors. Also, the advances in surgery have also made things in the emergency room easier. With lasers and other computer controlled surgeries, the turnaround for recovery is much lower and often times an overnight stay is not even necessary. After taking a deeper look into this department of a hospital it is easy to understand why it is so important. Without an emergency department, trauma and critically ill patients would have nowhere to go. With so many people in on place it is hard to keep things organized. All the parts of the department must function like a well-oiled machine to keep up with the chaos that occurs in emergency rooms. The teams of medical professionals have big responsibilities to their patients, especially the children. How to cite Health Care Interview, Papers

Solar Energy Project in East Timor-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Solar Energy Project in East Timor. Answer: Introduction ATA stands for Alternate Technology Associations. It is a nonprofit organization. It aims to make the most utilization of the alternative form of energy. This report focuses on a solar project by ATA in an underdeveloped country called East Timor. This report explains about the project execution plan of this solar energy project. Problem Statement The Alternate Technology Associations is a nonprofit organization. Its project in East Timor is a solar energy project. Solar energy is an alternative form of energy that is required in every place. It is a renewable energy. East Timor is the neighbor of Australia and it is an underdeveloped country. About thirty five per cent of the houses in East Timor do not have the supply of electricity ("MGT5IPM Introduction of the ATA and Its East Timor Project", 2017). This country does not have access to the national electricity grid. Project Execution Plan Project Objective The small scale solar project in East Timor aims at providing the houses at East Timor with solar electricity that is renewable in nature. The main project that they have worked for ten years is Village Lighting scheme that aims to supply clean solar powered basic electricity and lighting for the households that are located in the rural and remote areas and have no access to the national grid of electricity("MGT5IPM Business Case Planning", 2017). And now they are planning to expand it. Scope The scope of the Solar Energy project in East Timor is to provide solar electricity to at least 800, houses in the country. Training of around 30 to 40 technicians in the locality and set up village committees also fall under the scope of the project. Project Completion Time: 2 years Financial plan The financial worth of the project was 300,000 dollars from the year 2014 to 2016. Google Impact Challenge was the main fund providing source for this project. Previously ATA had relied on donations from the members and small donations from any other nonprofit organizations and groups ("The Alternative Technology Association ATA solar projects in East Timor", 2017). But Google had contributed the most in this project that helped ATA to successfully develop the solar energy project in East Timor. The East Timor Friendship groups had also played an important role in funding the solar energy project. Project Design Plan ATA had planned to design a solar system that was specific for the purpose of this project. It needed a lot of technical designing and developmental work. This was carried out by long term volunteers of ATA (Kerzner, 2013). These volunteers had electronics skills. A microbe controller in the system was developed that was extremely powerful in nature. This was very hard to get tampered. Project Management Methodology A systematic approach has been followed by ATA to carry out this solar energy project in East Timor. Their previous Lighting project had helped them to develop a good idea about the country (Burke, 2013). ATA had a partnership with a local organization that had helped them in the planning and execution of this solar energy project. The initial plan was to enhance the solar lighting scheme. The ATA team planned to work with the local communities in the village where they were planning to install the system. They had planned to set up a village committee that was responsible for the management of this project in that area (O'Connell, 2012). This village committee would be responsible for maintaining the solar system installed at every house and also for purchasing spare parts and repairing any broken part. In order to make this plan sustainable and successful, ATA trained local solar technicians in every village. These technicians were trained to install the system and regularly maintain the systems. They were also trained to repair the systems and take any backup or support form ATAs partner organization. This team was able to provide support for any type of complex process. ATA had planned to design database and solar map for tracking of the ATAs present and future projects (Larson Gray, 2013). This was a new plan that has not been done before in East Timor. Installation Plan There were two types of season in East Timor: wet and dry seasons. The plan of ATA was to install the systems in every house in two dry seasons. They followed a backward plan. They had planned to remunerate their partner organizations in order to carry out this plan. Careful planning and sequencing was done to install the systems in 12 different villages of East Timor over three different districts. Logistics Plan They had planned that the vehicles that took the systems for installation could take only certain number of systems at a time. There was only one truck that carried out this function. So there was proper planning so that the truck is able to take the systems with no delay and made sure that the condition of the local roads was all right. Project Risks The main risk seen in this project for ATA is their inability to speak the Timorese language. They had the local organization that had been involved in a water management project and had idea about the local community. They even know how to manage and handle huge amounts of money. But the risk lies in the indirect communication that takes place in East Timor. Even if the language was translated to ATA, they could not get idea about the indirect communication of the people (Bahadori Nwaoha, 2013). Another main risk or challenge faced by the project is the purchasing or procurement issue. ATA aimed to get high quality solar energy equipments that were not possible to be delivered by the local organization or the Timorese organization. There is also some kind of exchange rate risk involved in case of importing the components. Risk Management or Control Plan Some of the members of ATA have their own electronic businesses. The other members are involved in designing and technical activities so ATA can make their own devices. Some of the components were taken from China following the process of ethical supply chain management. The main regulator of the system was designed in Melbourne. While making the budget plan an allowance was made for the exchange rate risk due to the fluctuations in the foreign exchange. Recommendation This project can be improved in the future by using bio solar cells. Researchers have also developed photo bioelectrochemical cells that use the reaction of photosynthesis. Another method that can be used is reshaping of the solar spectrum for turning it into electricity. These methods are modern and advanced methods that can be used for the purpose of generating electricity. Conclusion This report concludes that the solar energy system in East Timor will help the natives of the place in several ways. This project report explains the steps to be taken in order to execute the plan of this project. References Bahadori, A., Nwaoha, C. 2013. A review on solar energy utilisation in Australia.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,18, pp.1-5. Burke, R. 2013. Project management: planning and control techniques.New Jersey, USA. Kerzner, H. 2013.Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Larson, E.W., Gray, C. 2013.Project Management: The Managerial Process with MS Project. McGraw-Hill. MGT5IPM Business Case Planning. 2017.YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?list=PLE5HAQYUwLAd1tTH_UdzWEleUKVLyHoKwv=wxrKRPz7MJc, August 18, 2017. MGT5IPM Introduction Of The ATA And Its East Timor Project. 2017.YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TB7qM8s8bpY, August 18, 2017. O'Connell, M. 2012. (Solar) power to the people of Timor Leste.ECOS,2012(168). The Alternative Technology Association ATA solar projects in East Timor. 2017.Ata.org.au. https://www.ata.org.au/ata-solar-projects-in-east-timor, August 18, 2017.